C++ Example

#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

/**
 * Memento Design Pattern
 *
 * Intent: Lets you save and restore the previous state of an object without
 * revealing the details of its implementation.
 */

/**
 * The Memento interface provides a way to retrieve the memento's metadata, such
 * as creation date or name. However, it doesn't expose the Originator's state.
 */
class Memento {
 public:
  virtual std::string GetName() const = 0;
  virtual std::string date() const = 0;
  virtual std::string state() const = 0;
};

/**
 * The Concrete Memento contains the infrastructure for storing the Originator's
 * state.
 */
class ConcreteMemento : public Memento {
 private:
  std::string state_;
  std::string date_;

 public:
  ConcreteMemento(std::string state) : state_(state) {
    this->state_ = state;
    std::time_t now = std::time(0);
    this->date_ = std::ctime(&now);
  }
  /**
   * The Originator uses this method when restoring its state.
   */
  std::string state() const override {
    return this->state_;
  }
  /**
   * The rest of the methods are used by the Caretaker to display metadata.
   */
  std::string GetName() const override {
    return this->date_ + " / (" + this->state_.substr(0, 9) + "...)";
  }
  std::string date() const override {
    return this->date_;
  }
};

/**
 * The Originator holds some important state that may change over time. It also
 * defines a method for saving the state inside a memento and another method for
 * restoring the state from it.
 */
class Originator {
  /**
   * @var string For the sake of simplicity, the originator's state is stored
   * inside a single variable.
   */
 private:
  std::string state_;

  std::string GenerateRandomString(int length = 10) {
    const char alphanum[] =
        "0123456789"
        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    int stringLength = sizeof(alphanum) - 1;

    std::string random_string;
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      random_string += alphanum[std::rand() % stringLength];
    }
    return random_string;
  }

 public:
  Originator(std::string state) : state_(state) {
    std::cout << "Originator: My initial state is: " << this->state_ << "\n";
  }
  /**
   * The Originator's business logic may affect its internal state. Therefore,
   * the client should backup the state before launching methods of the business
   * logic via the save() method.
   */
  void DoSomething() {
    std::cout << "Originator: I'm doing something important.\n";
    this->state_ = this->GenerateRandomString(30);
    std::cout << "Originator: and my state has changed to: " << this->state_ << "\n";
  }

  /**
   * Saves the current state inside a memento.
   */
  Memento *Save() {
    return new ConcreteMemento(this->state_);
  }
  /**
   * Restores the Originator's state from a memento object.
   */
  void Restore(Memento *memento) {
    this->state_ = memento->state();
    std::cout << "Originator: My state has changed to: " << this->state_ << "\n";
  }
};

/**
 * The Caretaker doesn't depend on the Concrete Memento class. Therefore, it
 * doesn't have access to the originator's state, stored inside the memento. It
 * works with all mementos via the base Memento interface.
 */
class Caretaker {
  /**
   * @var Memento[]
   */
 private:
  std::vector<Memento *> mementos_;

  /**
   * @var Originator
   */
  Originator *originator_;

 public:
  Caretaker(Originator *originator) : originator_(originator) {
    this->originator_ = originator;
  }

  void Backup() {
    std::cout << "\nCaretaker: Saving Originator's state...\n";
    this->mementos_.push_back(this->originator_->Save());
  }
  void Undo() {
    if (!this->mementos_.size()) {
      return;
    }
    Memento *memento = this->mementos_.back();
    this->mementos_.pop_back();
    std::cout << "Caretaker: Restoring state to: " << memento->GetName() << "\n";
    try {
      this->originator_->Restore(memento);
    } catch (...) {
      this->Undo();
    }
  }
  void ShowHistory() const {
    std::cout << "Caretaker: Here's the list of mementos:\n";
    for (Memento *memento : this->mementos_) {
      std::cout << memento->GetName() << "\n";
    }
  }
};
/**
 * Client code.
 */

void ClientCode() {
  Originator *originator = new Originator("Super-duper-super-puper-super.");
  Caretaker *caretaker = new Caretaker(originator);
  caretaker->Backup();
  originator->DoSomething();
  caretaker->Backup();
  originator->DoSomething();
  caretaker->Backup();
  originator->DoSomething();
  std::cout << "\n";
  caretaker->ShowHistory();
  std::cout << "\nClient: Now, let's rollback!\n\n";
  caretaker->Undo();
  std::cout << "\nClient: Once more!\n\n";
  caretaker->Undo();

  delete originator;
  delete caretaker;
}

int main() {
  std::srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(std::time(NULL)));
  ClientCode();
  return 0;
}

Originator: My initial state is: Super-duper-super-puper-super.

Caretaker: Saving Originator's state...
Originator: I'm doing something important.
Originator: and my state has changed to: uOInE8wmckHYPwZS7PtUTwuwZfCIbz

Caretaker: Saving Originator's state...
Originator: I'm doing something important.
Originator: and my state has changed to: te6RGmykRpbqaWo5MEwjji1fpM1t5D

Caretaker: Saving Originator's state...
Originator: I'm doing something important.
Originator: and my state has changed to: hX5xWDVljcQ9ydD7StUfbBt5Z7pcSN

Caretaker: Here's the list of mementos:
Sat Oct 19 18:09:37 2019
 / (Super-dup...)
Sat Oct 19 18:09:37 2019
 / (uOInE8wmc...)
Sat Oct 19 18:09:37 2019
 / (te6RGmykR...)

Client: Now, let's rollback!

Caretaker: Restoring state to: Sat Oct 19 18:09:37 2019
 / (te6RGmykR...)
Originator: My state has changed to: te6RGmykRpbqaWo5MEwjji1fpM1t5D

Client: Once more!

Caretaker: Restoring state to: Sat Oct 19 18:09:37 2019
 / (uOInE8wmc...)
Originator: My state has changed to: uOInE8wmckHYPwZS7PtUTwuwZfCIbz