"""
Bridge Design Pattern
Intent: Lets you split a large class or a set of closely related classes into
two separate hierarchies—abstraction and implementation—which can be developed
independently of each other.
A
/ \ A N
Aa Ab ===> / \ / \
/ \ / \ Aa(N) Ab(N) 1 2
Aa1 Aa2 Ab1 Ab2
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Abstraction:
"""
The Abstraction defines the interface for the "control" part of the two
class hierarchies. It maintains a reference to an object of the
Implementation hierarchy and delegates all of the real work to this object.
"""
def __init__(self, implementation: Implementation) -> None:
self.implementation = implementation
def operation(self) -> str:
return (f"Abstraction: Base operation with:\n"
f"{self.implementation.operation_implementation()}")
class ExtendedAbstraction(Abstraction):
"""
You can extend the Abstraction without changing the Implementation classes.
"""
def operation(self) -> str:
return (f"ExtendedAbstraction: Extended operation with:\n"
f"{self.implementation.operation_implementation()}")
class Implementation(ABC):
"""
The Implementation defines the interface for all implementation classes. It
doesn't have to match the Abstraction's interface. In fact, the two
interfaces can be entirely different. Typically the Implementation interface
provides only primitive operations, while the Abstraction defines higher-
level operations based on those primitives.
"""
@abstractmethod
def operation_implementation(self) -> str:
pass
"""
Each Concrete Implementation corresponds to a specific platform and implements
the Implementation interface using that platform's API.
"""
class ConcreteImplementationA(Implementation):
def operation_implementation(self) -> str:
return "ConcreteImplementationA: Here's the result on the platform A."
class ConcreteImplementationB(Implementation):
def operation_implementation(self) -> str:
return "ConcreteImplementationB: Here's the result on the platform B."
def client_code(abstraction: Abstraction) -> None:
"""
Except for the initialization phase, where an Abstraction object gets linked
with a specific Implementation object, the client code should only depend on
the Abstraction class. This way the client code can support any abstraction-
implementation combination.
"""
print(abstraction.operation(), end="")
if __name__ == "__main__":
"""
The client code should be able to work with any pre-configured abstraction-
implementation combination.
"""
implementation = ConcreteImplementationA()
abstraction = Abstraction(implementation)
client_code(abstraction)
print("\n")
implementation = ConcreteImplementationB()
abstraction = ExtendedAbstraction(implementation)
client_code(abstraction)