Swift Example

/// Flyweight Design Pattern
///
/// Intent: Lets you fit more objects into the available amount of RAM by
/// sharing common parts of state between multiple objects, instead of keeping
/// all of the data in each object.

import XCTest

/// The Flyweight stores a common portion of the state (also called intrinsic
/// state) that belongs to multiple real business entities. The Flyweight
/// accepts the rest of the state (extrinsic state, unique for each entity) via
/// its method parameters.
class Flyweight {

    private let sharedState: [String]

    init(sharedState: [String]) {
        self.sharedState = sharedState
    }

    func operation(uniqueState: [String]) {
        print("Flyweight: Displaying shared (\(sharedState)) and unique (\(uniqueState) state.\n")
    }
}

/// The Flyweight Factory creates and manages the Flyweight objects. It ensures
/// that flyweights are shared correctly. When the client requests a flyweight,
/// the factory either returns an existing instance or creates a new one, if it
/// doesn't exist yet.
class FlyweightFactory {

    private var flyweights: [String: Flyweight]

    init(states: [[String]]) {

        var flyweights = [String: Flyweight]()

        for state in states {
            flyweights[state.key] = Flyweight(sharedState: state)
        }

        self.flyweights = flyweights
    }

    /// Returns an existing Flyweight with a given state or creates a new one.
    func flyweight(for state: [String]) -> Flyweight {

        let key = state.key

        guard let foundFlyweight = flyweights[key] else {

            print("FlyweightFactory: Can't find a flyweight, creating new one.\n")
            let flyweight = Flyweight(sharedState: state)
            flyweights.updateValue(flyweight, forKey: key)
            return flyweight
        }
        print("FlyweightFactory: Reusing existing flyweight.\n")
        return foundFlyweight
    }

    func printFlyweights() {
        print("FlyweightFactory: I have \(flyweights.count) flyweights:\n")
        for item in flyweights {
            print(item.key)
        }
    }
}

extension Array where Element == String {

    /// Returns a Flyweight's string hash for a given state.
    var key: String {
        return self.joined()
    }
}


class FlyweightConceptual: XCTestCase {

    func testFlyweight() {

        /// The client code usually creates a bunch of pre-populated flyweights
        /// in the initialization stage of the application.

        let factory = FlyweightFactory(states:
        [
            ["Chevrolet", "Camaro2018", "pink"],
            ["Mercedes Benz", "C300", "black"],
            ["Mercedes Benz", "C500", "red"],
            ["BMW", "M5", "red"],
            ["BMW", "X6", "white"]
        ])

        factory.printFlyweights()

        /// ...

        addCarToPoliceDatabase(factory,
                "CL234IR",
                "James Doe",
                "BMW",
                "M5",
                "red")

        addCarToPoliceDatabase(factory,
                "CL234IR",
                "James Doe",
                "BMW",
                "X1",
                "red")

        factory.printFlyweights()
    }

    func addCarToPoliceDatabase(
            _ factory: FlyweightFactory,
            _ plates: String,
            _ owner: String,
            _ brand: String,
            _ model: String,
            _ color: String) {

        print("Client: Adding a car to database.\n")

        let flyweight = factory.flyweight(for: [brand, model, color])

        /// The client code either stores or calculates extrinsic state and
        /// passes it to the flyweight's methods.
        flyweight.operation(uniqueState: [plates, owner])
    }
}

FlyweightFactory: I have 5 flyweights:

Mercedes BenzC500red
ChevroletCamaro2018pink
Mercedes BenzC300black
BMWX6white
BMWM5red
Client: Adding a car to database.

FlyweightFactory: Reusing existing flyweight.

Flyweight: Displaying shared (["BMW", "M5", "red"]) and unique (["CL234IR", "James Doe"] state.

Client: Adding a car to database.

FlyweightFactory: Can't find a flyweight, creating new one.

Flyweight: Displaying shared (["BMW", "X1", "red"]) and unique (["CL234IR", "James Doe"] state.

FlyweightFactory: I have 6 flyweights:

Mercedes BenzC500red
BMWX1red
ChevroletCamaro2018pink
Mercedes BenzC300black
BMWX6white
BMWM5red